Will my credit card issuer refund me if my airline goes bankrupt?

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Editor's note: This post has been updated to reflect changes to card benefits. It was originally published on Jan. 31, 2019.

"Reader Questions" are answered twice a week by TPG Senior Points & Miles Contributor Ethan Steinberg.

While we might not like to think about the laws of gravity while flying at 38,000 feet, what goes up must come down. Over the last few years we've seen that logic applied to a number of low-cost and leisure carriers. Primera Air collapsed with little warning, followed shortly thereafter by WOW Air and Thomas Cook. TPG reader Robert wants to know what type of protection he'll have if he books a ticket and the airline ends up filing for bankruptcy ...

[pullquote source="TPG READER ROBERT"]I have five round-trip tickets from New York to Stockholm booked on Norwegian for July. If the airline goes bankrupt by then will I be reimbursed or am I out of luck?[/pullquote]

Norwegian Air has been in a precarious financial position for a while now, and I'm sure Robert isn't the only one concerned about this possibility. However, right off the bat, it's important to note that bankruptcy doesn't necessarily mean that an airline is going to stop flying. We did see that with airberlin, and Alitalia has been bankrupt for some time yet continues to limp along.

That said, there are a few possible ways Robert might get his money back if Norwegian ceases operations. Let's start with the most obvious one — the airline issuing a direct refund. It's impossible to say for certain whether this would happen, as this is highly dependent on Norwegian's debt structure/obligations (i.e. which creditors are entitled to get paid first) and cash on hand at the time of bankruptcy. Obviously this would be the simplest solution, but even if it doesn't happen, Robert isn't totally out of luck.

If you purchase a ticket on your credit card and don't receive the service for which you paid, you can initiate a chargeback or dispute with the issuer. I spoke to representatives from both Chase and American Express on the phone, and while they couldn't confirm the outcome of any such dispute, they said that paying for a service and not receiving it would give you a very strong case and good odds of getting your money back.

Robert might also have access to travel insurance through his credit card, especially if he booked using a credit card with trip interruption and cancellation insurance. Unfortunately, Chase recently updated the language in its travel insurance policy with no announcement. While "financial insolvency of a travel supplier" used to be listed under the "what's covered" section on cards like the Chase Sapphire Reserve, now, you'll find it under the "what's not covered section."

Related: Battle of the premium travel rewards cards: Which is the best?

It's possible that Chase made this change due to a spike in bankruptcy related insurance claims, but whatever the reason it's important to understand that Chase cardholders can't fall back on their travel insurance plans anymore in the event of an airline bankruptcy.

Last but not least, Robert might be entitled to compensation of up to 600 Euros (~$680) per person under EU 261, the European Union's generous passenger bill of rights, given that his itinerary includes flights operated by a carrier based in the EU, and those flights both arrive into and depart from an EU member country. However, there are many gray areas here. Was he able to be reaccommodated with another airline? Did Norwegian prove that the cancellation was due to "extraordinary circumstances" and thus not subject to compensation? Assuming it's determined that he is due compensation, it once again comes down to available cash, as holders of valid EU 261 claims simply become unsecured creditors, hoping to get paid.

Related: Here's how my $200 travel insurance plan gave me almost $1,300 to spend in Italy

Bottom line

While an airline bankruptcy is one of the fastest ways to ruin a vacation, Robert should rest easy knowing that he has a good chance of recouping the cost of his tickets in the event that happens. If he's still worried, he should consider purchasing supplementary travel insurance through a company like Allianz, but he would need to confirm that Norwegian going bankrupt and ceasing operations would be a covered event under the terms of the policy he buys.

Thanks for the question, Robert, and if you’re a TPG reader who’d like us to answer a question of your own, tweet us at @thepointsguy, message us on Facebook or email us at info@thepointsguy.com.