All you need to know about Enhanced Drivers Licenses
Editor's note: This post has been updated with new information. It was originally published on June 3, 2024.
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security expects all U.S. adults traveling through airports to obtain a Real ID by May 7, 2025.
Not only will Real IDs be necessary for domestic air travel, but they're also required for an Enhanced Drivers License — a state-issued license that provides proof of U.S. citizenship and identity when crossing the U.S. border.
If you live in one of five northern border states and don't yet have a Real ID, here's what you need to know about EDLs and why you might want to consider getting both.
What is an Enhanced Drivers License?
EDLs provide proof of identity and U.S. citizenship when crossing the U.S. border from Canada, Mexico or the Caribbean by car or a seaport, as required by U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Canadian citizens can also use them for proof of citizenship when entering the U.S.
Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Vermont and Washington residents can apply for EDLs at their state Department of Motor Vehicles, as can Canadian citizens in British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec.
How do I apply for an Enhanced Drivers License?
Residents can apply at their respective DMV or relevant state agency; each has its own application process. For example, the Michigan Department of State requires travelers to apply in person.
Fees vary by state, ranging from $15 to $45 plus fees, and states provide a checklist for applicants. Generally, states require you to provide proof of U.S. citizenship, your Social Security number and proof of residency.
Processing times vary, but receiving your EDL card by mail typically takes around two weeks.
For more information related to obtaining an EDL in a specific state, see:
- Michigan Department of State
- New York State Department of Motor Vehicles
- Minnesota Department of Public Safety Driver and Vehicle Services Division
- Vermont Department of Motor Vehicles
- Washington State Department of Licensing
What else can I use an Enhanced Drivers License for?
Beyond being used to cross the border, EDLs also serve as driver's permits and are an alternative to Canadian passports.
Canadian citizens can present an EDL when entering the U.S. from Canada, Mexico or the Caribbean through a land or sea port of entry. However, they cannot use them for international flights.
Who is eligible to get an Enhanced Drivers License?
U.S. and Canadian citizens who frequently cross the border and live in an issuing state or province can apply for an EDL.
"If you are a U.S. citizen eligible for a Real ID, then you are eligible for an enhanced driver's license," Vermont Department of Motor Vehicles commissioner Wanda Minoli said. "Many of our residents choose the EDL because of our border communities, and they cross into Canada to visit families and participate in other events."
How can I use an Enhanced Drivers License to cross the border?
According to the DHS, EDLs make it easier for U.S. citizens to cross the border for two reasons. First, they include a radio-frequency identification chip that signals a secure system to pull up your biographic and biometric data for the CBP officer as you approach the border inspection booth. Second, they contain a machine-readable zone or barcode that the CBP officer can read electronically if the identification chip isn't available.
CBP did not respond to a request for comment on why these licenses are only issued in northern border states when they can also be used to cross the southern border.
Bottom line
Enhanced Drivers Licenses are available for residents of certain U.S. states and Canadian provinces. They can be used to enter the U.S. from Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean via land and sea, but they are not eligible for air travel.
A Real ID is required to procure an EDL and will be necessary for domestic flights starting next year.
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