Inside the Hidden World of Aircraft Maintenance With Lufthansa Technik

April 05, 2017

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4 min read

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Anyone who has ever owned a car knows that certain routine maintenance procedures are recommended by the vehicle manufacturer in order to keep it running well and safely. Airliners have a maintenance schedule as well, but it's required by the aviation authorities of the countries in which the planes are operated.

I recently toured two of Lufthansa's large maintenance bases, in Germany and Malta. Most travelers don't think about the things planes go through, along with the normal — and perhaps scary — wear and tear. The maintenance division at Lufthansa is known as Lufthansa Technik (LHT). Lufthansa Technik's website defines each of the routine maintenance procedures that are performed on its aircraft.

A-Check

An Airbus A320neo undergoes an engine check of its Pratt & Whitney engine at LHT in Frankfurt, Germany. This plane is less than a year old, but still undergoes regular check-ups.

The A-check is carried out every 350 to 750 flying hours and, depending on the requirement, will take between 45 and about 260 man-hours. In addition to general inspections of the interior and the aircraft hull, it also covers service checks as well as engine and function checks. At the same time, the technicians replenish consumables such as oil, water and air and eliminate defects whose rectification has been postponed on the grounds that they did not impair flight safety. If any extensive seat repairs are required, these are also carried out in this interval inspection. These checks can be accomplished overnight, with the plane returning to service the following morning.

C-Check

This entails thorough inspections inside and outside, along with meticulous examination of structures (load-bearing components on the fuselage and wings) and functions. For example, the technicians use ultrasonic techniques to look for cracks in critical components. For the C-check, which can take between 1,500 and 2,000 man-hours of work, an aircraft will spend up to five days in the maintenance hangar.

D-Check

The D-check is the general overhaul of an aircraft and hence the most extensive of all aircraft-related service events. This check is carried out every six to ten years and entails 30,000 to 50,000 man-hours of labor over a period of four to six weeks. Leading up to the overhaul, a wide-body aircraft may have logged some 30,000 flying hours and 25 million kilometers.

Checking for cracks in the fuselage around the forward galley door by removing rivets.

During a D-check, the entire structure is inspected down to the smallest detail. After that, the engines, the landing gear and the high-lift devices are dismantled, along with the cabin interior and the wall and ceiling panels. This is followed by removal of the instruments, the electrical systems, electronics and hydraulic and pneumatic equipment. All equipment is dismantled, taken apart and closely scrutinized, and technicians carry out any necessary repair work.

An Airbus A330 engine has its fan blades replaced at LHT Frankfurt.

Let's get back to that mention of scary stuff for a moment. When the planes are stripped down, sometimes cracks are found. Yes. Cracks in the metal of your airplane. But this is why these checks are done, to discover tiny problems before they become big problems. Airplanes have certain stress points, especially in the corners around doors and windows. The expansion and contraction caused by pressurization of the fuselage during each cycle can cause some tiny fractures in the aluminum skin of the fuselage. But these things are known and expected. That's why these periodic inspections are scheduled. As long as the airline you're flying sticks to the maintenance regimen, you have no need to worry.

https://youtu.be/dBdjrefoB5M

Lufthansa Technik refurbishes aircraft interiors and performs upgrades as well. It may be new seats, entertainment systems or cabin fixtures, which are internally known as monuments. LHT refurbishes bulkhead walls, galleys and even lavatory sinks and toilets.

Lufthansa Airbus A330 lavatory undergoing refurbishment at LHT Malta

LHT performs maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) work for over 800 airlines around the world. In 2016, its staff accumulated over 6,000,000 man-hours of work, at 10 facilities in eight countries. In addition to Malta and Germany, LHT also operates in Bulgaria, Hungary, Ireland, Malaysia, Philippines, and Puerto Rico.

Disclosure: The author's travel and accommodations in Malta and Germany were covered by Lufthansa Technik, though all accounts and descriptions belong to the author.

All photos and videos are by the author.